Women's Alcohol Use Tied to Delayed Childbearing

Alcoholism is associated with delayed childbearing in women, according to a study that compared women's and men's lifetime history of alcohol dependence and their age when they had their first child. Read more

Health-Care Costs Go Up, and Stay Up, for Abused Women

(HealthDay News) -- Women who are physically or psychologically abused by their partners spend more each year on health care, even years after the abuse stops, a new report says.

The long-term study of more than 3,300 women in the Pacific Northwest revealed that women in ongoing abusive relationships spent about 42 percent more a year on physical and mental health-care services than did women not in abusive relationships.

Even those who had not been subjected to abuse in at least five years spent 19 percent a year more for health care than those who had never suffered abuse from an intimate partner, according to findings by a team from Ohio State University, the Group Health Cooperative, and the University of Washington in Seattle.

"Along with all the physical and emotional pain it causes, domestic violence also comes with a substantial financial price," Amy Bonomi, an associate professor of human development and family science at Ohio State and a co-author of the study, said in a news release from the university.

In relationships involving psychological abuse, such as verbal threats, stifling control by a partner and other such tactics, women spent 33 percent more on health care than their non-abused peers, even though the incidents had occurred not at the time of the survey but within the previous five years.

Abuse victims sought care from specialists, prescription services and radiology far more than other women, the report found

The findings were published online in the journal Health Services Research.

The study, which included data from 1992 to 2002, found that physically and psychologically abused women sought help from mental health services at least twice as often as women who were not abused, Bonomi said.

"This lends support to the idea that mental health providers should always ask women about their abuse history when they first come in for treatment," she said.

More information
The Rural Assistance Center has more about domestic violence.

Why some women go back to their abusers

Many may ask why someone would return to a violent relationship after leaving, but therapists who treat both abusers and victims say it's common. full story

Leaking Fluid During Pregnancy: Another Scare at 18 Weeks

By Erica Kain

Getty Images
Last Sunday, at 18 weeks pregnant, I showed up to my hospital’s Labor and Delivery Department.
The women in the cubicles around me were hugely pregnant, moaning with contractions as they prepared to deliver and hold their new babies. I, on the other hand, was paralyzed by terror. The doctor had told me that he felt pretty sure my amniotic sac was leaking, and that my fetus and I were suffering from a preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM).
A fetus at 18 weeks is nowhere near viable outside the womb, and a broken sac would mean a miscarriage. The nurse was grim faced as she ordered the tests on the leaking fluid. “This doesn’t look good,” she said.
Read More

Health Tip: Feel Better by Looking Good

(HealthDay News) -- If you have a long-term illness, improving your appearance can help you feel better, the American Cancer Society says.

The ACS offers the following suggestions for improving the way you look (and feel):

• Take time to shave, wash and fix your hair or put on a wig or toupee, and put on makeup.


• Do this if you're at home, even in bed.


• Get new clothes or tailor your old ones to fit better.


• If you're able and it's OK with your doctor, treat yourself to a massage, facial, pedicure or manicure.


• Try to get as much exercise as you can each day. Even a brisk walk, if approved by your doctor, can do wonders toward making you look and feel better.


• Keep brushing and flossing your teeth regularly, and get dental checkups.


• Be sure to get enough sleep.

Almost Half of Women Have Sexual Problems

(HealthDay News) -- In a double whammy for the female gender, new research shows that 40 percent of women report sexual problems, but only 12 percent are distressed about it.

"The good news is that 12 percent is a very different number than 40 percent," said study author Dr. Jan Shifren, an associate professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive biology at Harvard Medical School and director of the Vincent Menopause Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, both in Boston.

But 12 percent of 83 million U.S. women aged 20 to 65 is nothing to scoff at, noted a related editorial in the November issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology. The research was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim International, maker of flibanserin, a drug for female sexual dysfunction that is currently being tested in clinical trials.

Previous surveys have reported similar estimates of female sexual dysfunction, including low desire and problems with orgasm. The most widely quoted figure, from the U.S. National Health and Social Life Survey, is 43 percent.

However, few of those surveys have looked at distress, despite the fact that the American Psychiatric Association and U.S. Food and Drug Administration's guidelines require such distress as part of the diagnostic criteria.

This study included almost 32,000 female respondents aged 18 and older.

Overall, 43.1 percent of those surveyed reported some kind of sexual problem: 39 percent reported diminished desire, 26 percent reported problems with arousal, and 21 percent problems with achieving orgasm.

Only 12 percent, however, reported significant personal distress associated with this problem.

And there were age differences. "The highest prevalence of sexual dysfunction was in older women, but they experienced less associated distress," Shifren said. "The most distress occurred at mid-life, and the youngest women had the lowest prevalence of problems and of associated distress."

Although the study did not specifically look at why older women had more problems yet less distress about them, the authors postulated that reasons could include partner changes, other medical problems, or problems with their partners health.

Women currently experiencing depression had more than double the risk of having distressing sexual problems when compared with non-depressed women. While conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease affect men's sexual health, none of these issues impacted women's sexual health in this study.

"This is a wake-up call to health-care professionals . . . of the importance of sexual health and sexual quality of life," said Sheryl Kingsberg, chief of the division of behavioral medicine at MacDonald Women's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center in Cleveland. "Forty percent of patients have sexual concerns, and 12 percent have enough of a concern that it's a significant dysfunction in life. This needs to be addressed."

While clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals as well as sex therapists have been working with couples on these issues for decades, medical options, including flibanserin, are now also on the horizon.

"There is research going on, and my hope is that women are finally going to have some options when it comes to sexual disorder treatments," Kingsberg said. "Right now, there are very limited options, but I think it's coming."

More information
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more on female sexual dysfunction.

Health Tip: Boost Your Energy

(HealthDay News) -- If you often feel out of breath or seem to tire easily, you probably should better pace yourself.
Here are suggestions to help boost your energy, courtesy of National Jewish Health:

• Work slower, and take short, frequent breaks. Don't rush yourself.
• Find the most efficient way to perform everyday tasks. Don't make yourself work harder than you have to.
• Break out strenuous tasks into smaller projects, with breaks in between.
• Breathe slowly and deeply, and avoid short, jerky breaths.
• Plan your activities, schedule time for them, and relax.

I Was Pregnant for a Week: Facing My Third Miscarriage

By Erica Kain

The problem with losing a pregnancy after you have given birth to healthy children is that you know precisely what you’ve lost. I should know. I just recently experienced another miscarriage, bringing our casualty stats to three.

I knew I was pregnant for a week this time, having taken a pregnancy test and glimpsed the coveted two lines—there was hCG in my urine! I was knocked up!
But I knew my odds weren’t great, having suffered two miscarriages in the past. Now at the age of 37, even women with no history of pregnancy loss have higher incidences of miscarriage. (The risk is 20%–35%, according to the American Pregnancy Association). Read More

Preterm Births Linked to Infection of Amniotic Fluid

(HealthDay News) -- Infections of amniotic fluid are more common than previously believed and may be a major cause of premature births, says a study led by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine.

About 12 percent of all births in the United States are premature, and the frequency of premature birth is increasing.

The Stanford researchers analyzed amniotic fluid from 166 women in preterm labor (113 went on to deliver their infants prematurely) and found that 15 percent of the samples contained bacteria or fungi, compared to previous estimates of 10 percent. Some of the bacteria and fungi found in the samples hadn't been suspected of playing a role in preterm delivery.

Women with the highest degree of amniotic fluid infection were most likely to deliver more premature, sicker infants, the researchers said.

"To find that this amniotic compartment, which we have traditionally viewed as somewhat sacrosanct, is infected significantly more often than we thought is a little shocking," senior author Dr. David Relman, a professor of infectious disease and of microbiology and immunology, said in a Stanford news release.

The study was published in the Aug. 26 issue of the journal PLoS-ONE.

"If we could prevent these infections in the first place, or detect them sooner, we might one day be able to prevent some of these premature births," study first author Dr. Dan DiGiulio said in the news release.

The researchers are now conducting a larger study of amniotic fluid collected through routine amniocenteses at about the 20th week of pregnancy to determine if infections can be detected before the onset of preterm labor. The findings may help lead to new methods of prevention or treatment.

More information
The U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development has more about premature labor and birth.

Giving Birth at Home

By ADA CALHOUN

For most pregnant women, a key part of their birth plan involves how they'll get to the hospital. But more and more moms-to-be are skipping that step and planning to deliver at home. Old-school birthing is back in style, with well-read women forsaking obstetricians for midwives and epidurals for warm baths.

These women want to give birth in their own bed or tub, with none of the medical interventions that have become staples of modern childbirth, like contraction-inducing medication and C-sections, which now serve as the grand finale in nearly a third of U.S. births. "For a normal, healthy pregnancy, the hospital environment is overkill," says Jessica Reid, 27, a stay-at-home mom in Pasco, Wash. Continue Reading >>

Health Tip: Exercising During Pregnancy

(HealthDay News) -- Exercise is good for you during any stage of life.

But among pregnant women, it can offset some common problems.

Your doctor should approve of any exercise program while you're pregnant. The American Pregnancy Association offers this list of potential benefits:

• It can help alleviate conditions such as poor circulation and back pain.


• It can give you more energy throughout your day.


• It can help you sleep better.


• It can put you in a better mood.


• It can better prepare your body for childbirth.


• It can help prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Cancer Survival Depends on Where You Live

(HealthDay News) -- Your odds of surviving cancer depend on which country you live in. And, in the United States, it also depends on whether you're black or white, a new study finds.

Economic differences among countries, access to health care, and the availability of cancer treatments feed the disparities in survival, the report said.

"There is a very wide global range in the odds of survival after a cancer diagnosis," said lead researcher Michel Coleman, a professor of epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in Great Britain. "Some of the range is understandable on the basis of the relative wealth of these countries," he added.

The study also confirms the disparity in cancer survival among blacks and whites in the United States, Coleman said. "The differences are large across the U.S.A., and even in different metropolitan areas," he said.

Coleman believes the differences among countries -- and within regions of countries -- is directly related to access to health care. "This is not a question of the competence of doctors in any particular country," he said. "This is an issue of the overall effectiveness of health services."

The report was published in the July 17 online edition of The Lancet Oncology.

For the study, called the CONCORD study, Coleman's team collected data on 1.9 million cancer patients in 31 countries. Using cancer registries from each country, the researchers compared the five-year survival rates for breast, colon, rectal and prostate cancer.

The United States has the highest rates of survival for breast and prostate cancers, while Japan has the highest survival rates for colon and rectal cancers among men. France has the highest survival rates for colon and rectal cancer among women, the report found.

In addition, Canada and Australia also have very high survival rates for most cancers. The lowest rate of survival among both men and women was seen in Algeria.

In the United States, the lowest survival rates are in New York City, except for rectal cancer in women, where Wyoming scores worse. The best survival rate for cancer in the United States is in Hawaii, the researchers found.

Idaho also has a high survival rate for rectal cancer, and Seattle has the highest survival rate for prostate cancer.

But, there's a big disparity in cancer survival rates between whites and blacks in the United States, and it favors whites. The differences range from 7 percent for prostate cancer to 14 percent for breast cancer. This disparity is most likely due to differences in the stage of cancer when it is diagnosed, the researchers said.

There's also a significant difference in cancer survival rates between the United States and Europe, with survival rates 10 percent and 34 percent higher in the United States for breast cancer and prostate cancer, respectively, the study found.

In Europe, France has the highest survival rate for rectal and colon cancers. Sweden has the highest survival rate for breast cancer, and Austria has the highest survival rate for prostate cancer.

The worst performing European countries are Poland and Slovakia.

Coleman said he hopes that political leaders will use the findings to provide better cancer diagnosis and treatment.

"Where the system is either slow in diagnosis, has too few doctors, has very few radiotherapy machines or in some countries, none, you would expect differences in outcome, and that's what these overall survival estimates are helping us provide," he said.

Dr. Elmer Huerta, president of the American Cancer Society's National Volunteer Board of Directors, said the study provides evidence for what has long been suspected -- namely, that where you live plays a role in cancer survival.

"The world needs to wake up to the fact that cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the place," he said. "Policymakers don't really put the weight to cancer care."

Huerta thinks more emphasis needs to be placed on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

"The world needs to smell the coffee and realize cancer can be prevented, and cancer can be cured if found early," he said.

More information
For more on cancer, visit the American Cancer Society.

Many Women Struggle With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure

(HealthDay News) -- Nearly one in three Americans suffers from high blood pressure -- more than 73 million adults.

But half of them -- women -- face unique challenges in controlling their blood pressure.

For instance, women with high blood pressure are more likely to be obese and have high cholesterol levels. They're also less likely than men to meet target goals for their blood pressure. And they're also less likely than men to receive medications such as aspirin, blood pressure-lowering drugs or cholesterol-lowering drugs, compared to men, recent research found.

These findings add greater urgency to the American Heart Association's ongoing "Go Red for Women" campaign, which seeks to change the perception that high blood pressure and heart disease are "male" health threats.

Most people don't know that heart disease is the No. 1 killer of American women -- as well as men. An estimated 480,000 women die of cardiovascular disease every year, more than the total number of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in men, or the next four causes of death combined, according to the heart association.

Unchecked high blood pressure -- also known as hypertension -- can produce terrible systemic damage and disease. It can lead to a heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney damage, blindness and a host of other medical problems.

Despite this, a large segment of women aren't adequately addressing their hypertension.

"Only about 60 percent of women with high blood pressure are having it controlled," said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, medical director of New York University Medical Center's Women's Heart Program, and a spokeswoman for the "Go Red for Women" campaign. "When you bring your blood pressure down, you cut your stroke risk in half and risk of heart attack by 25 percent."

Part of the problem is that women tend to suffer from an increased systolic rate, said Dr. Daniel Jones, president of the American Heart Association.

Blood pressure is the force of the blood against artery walls when the heart beats and then rests. Measurement renders two numbers. Systolic pressure, the top number, is recorded when your heart beats and forces blood out to the body. Diastolic pressure is the bottom number, and is the minimum pressure that occurs when the heart relaxes between beats. The ideal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, according to the heart association.

But, Jones added, "The systolic rate is more resistant to treatment through medication."

Goldberg believes that some women might be stopping their blood pressure medication without talking with their doctor, after suffering from side effects that can include insomnia, lethargy and depression.

"If the medication is a problem, we have many different medications that help," said Goldberg, author of Dr. Nieca Goldberg's Complete Guide to Women's Health.

Further complicating treatment is the perception of high blood pressure as a "man's disease," which might affect the intensity of care they receive, Goldberg said.

"Sometimes, the woman's needs aren't being met at the doctor's office," she said. "They need to ask the simple question, 'What is my blood pressure?' And if it seems a little elevated, they need to talk to a doctor about what to do to fix it."

Women also shouldn't ignore the lifestyle changes they can pursue that will lower their blood pressure, or help prevent it from rising in the first place, Jones said.

"They're not as easy to do as some things, but they are very powerful," he said.

Diet can have a big impact on high blood pressure. A recent study found that women 45 years old and older who ate low-fat diary foods were at lower risk of developing high blood pressure.

"Those [low-fat diary products] are great, because they have calcium, which is good for our bones, so there's more than one benefit," Goldberg said.

Reducing fat and salt intake is also helpful.

"When you're going to the market and buying prepared foods, purchase those that are grilled, not fried," Goldberg said. "You also should realize many condiments are very high in salt."

Quitting smoking and reducing the amount of alcohol you drink is also important for reducing your overall risk for heart attack and stroke.

On the horizon, researchers are developing a vaccine that could prove successful in moderating blood pressure. It works by inhibiting angiotensin II, a molecule that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.

"The potential attractiveness of a vaccine is it might be a more convenient way to manage high blood pressure in some people," Jones said.

Researchers at the 2007 American Heart Association annual meeting discussed some early encouraging results, although Jones cautioned that the vaccine is still years away from use in patients. "People should not be anticipating this is something that would be clinically available anytime in the near future," he said. "It's not anywhere close to being tested by the FDA for use."

Until then, following a healthy lifestyle and sticking with a good medication are a woman's -- and man's -- best bet for beating back high blood pressure.

"We know that a diet that is low in sodium and high in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products is very useful in both preventing and treating high blood pressure," Jones said. "I always like to remind people of the importance of simple things in lifestyle that can make a difference."

More information
To learn more about the Go Red for Women campaign, visit the American Heart Association.

Integrative Medicine: Can We Truly Integrate Care?

Is it possible to develop a model of health that incorporates Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies with conventional treatment? Join Beverly Burns, an Integrative Medicine Specialist at UCSF's Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, for a frank and stimulating discussion of integrative medicine. Series: "Women's Health Today" [6/2006] [Health and Medicine] [Professional Medical Education] [Show ID: 11113]

Helping Women Soldiers Traumatized by Sexual Assault

By Sally Chew

In the past few years there has been a lot of attention paid to the problem of sexual assault in the U.S. military. Congressional hearings, military panels, and nonprofit organizations have looked at how to lower the incidence of assault, help women feel safe reporting it, and allow them to recover from the Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that often follows it.
A new report from Australia recommends prolonged exposure therapy for preventing PTSD. The treatment involves reliving the traumatic experience with a therapist in order to face your fears and learn coping skills. Last year a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) recommended the therapy specifically to treat women vets with PTSD—a condition they are more likely to report suffering from than men. Read More

Doctor-Patient Talks Affect Use of Breast Reconstruction Surgery

(HealthDay News) -- A lack of patient-doctor discussion may contribute to socioeconomic, age and race-related disparities in the use of breast reconstruction after mastectomy, says a study by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.

The study also found that breast reconstruction was more likely to occur after a surgeon discussed options with a patient, which suggests the need to increase and improve these conversations, the researchers said.

They analyzed data on 626 patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. Of those patients, 253 (40.4 percent) received breast reconstruction, and 249 (39.8 percent) had a documented discussion about the option with a doctor.

About 70 percent of those who had a discussion about breast reconstruction had the procedure. But the researchers found that increasing age and lower levels of education were associated with lower rates of a documented discussion. Hispanic patients, those born outside of the United States, and those whose primary language wasn't English were less likely to undergo reconstruction after discussing it with a doctor.

The study was published in the April issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

The decision to have breast reconstruction is a complex one that's influenced by access to care, patient preference and a doctor's interaction with the patient, the researchers noted.

"Patient preferences should be respected, but an informative discussion of reconstruction is required to help patients understand and weigh the risks and benefits of this procedure," Dr. Caprice C. Greenberg, Instructor of Surgery in the Center for Surgery and Public Health at Brigham and the Center for Outcomes and Policy Research at Dana Farber, said in a prepared statement. "We learned that physicians need to improve communications with all women undergoing a mastectomy, regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status."

She and her colleagues said doctors should systematically address the issue of breast reconstruction with all patients undergoing mastectomy. Doctor-patient discussions could include interpreters and educational materials to ensure an informative discussion regardless of a patient's primary language, ethnicity or education level.

More information

Roshini Raj, MD, Explains Common Flu Symptoms on the "Today" Show

"Health" contributor Dr. Raj on the "Today" show Feb. 13, discussing tips on fighting the flu
by Ross Weale

In the following segment, Roshini Raj, MD, of Health magazine describes flu symptoms and talks about whether you can still get that shot.



DR. ROSHINI RAJ
Roshini Raj, MD, a Health magazine contributor and part of the magazine's Health Expert Network, is board-certified in gastroenterology and internal medicine with degrees from the New York University School of Medicine and Harvard University. Currently Dr. Raj is an attending physician at NYU Medical Center's Tisch Hospital in New York City. She also serves as an assistant professor at the NYU School of Medicine, and she has a special interest in women's health and cancer screening. She has also published several research articles on colon-cancer screening.

Dr. Raj has discussed health topics on numerous television outlets including NBC's Today show, ABC's Good Morning America, CNN, FOX News, and Discovery Health. She has been quoted in publications such as the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Men's Health, Women's Health, and Fitness on the state of health care and other health news of the day. Dr. Raj is often called upon to explain and demystify complicated health topics.

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5 Ways to Boost Your Metabolism and Lose Weight

Magnesium, interval training, and other tricks to burn more calories
by Ross Weale

Health magazine contributor Samantha Heller shows how to burn more calories, during an interview on the Today show, March 10.



SAMANTHA HELLER

Samantha Heller, RD, is the nutrition coordinator at the Fairfield Connecticut YMCA. A certified dietitian/nutritionist and exercise physiologist, Heller earned her master's degree in nutrition and applied physiology from Teachers’ College, Columbia University. She served as the senior clinical nutritionist and exercise physiologist at NYU Medical center in New York City for almost a decade and created and ran the outpatient nutrition program for the NYU Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. She has also been a fitness instructor for 15 years. Heller specializes in nutrition, wellness, stress management, and fitness for people who are fighting heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity.

A contributing editor to Health magazine, her writing has also appeared in numerous other magazines, including Men’s Fitness, Men’s Health, and Glamour, as well as sites such as Fitness.com.

Calcium Scans Help Predict Coronary Risk

(HealthDay News) -- Scanning the heart arteries for calcium deposits can help predict future cardiac problems, a new study shows, but experts aren't sure that adding such scans to routine checkups would be worth the cost.

"It has been shown to be predictive" of potential heart trouble, said Dr. Diane Bild, deputy director of the division of prevention and population sciences at the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which funded the study. "Whether it is actually beneficial to the people who are screened has not been shown."

A calcium scan using computed tomography (CT) costs $300 to $600. These scans look for calcification -- hardening of the arteries caused by high blood fats and calcium deposits that can eventually cause blood vessel blockage. The scan is a potential competitor for much less expensive tests for coronary risk, such as blood cholesterol and blood pressure readings.

The new study involved more than 6,700 American men and women across a number of racial and ethnic groups -- white, black, Chinese, Hispanic -- who were followed for an average of 3.8 years. It found that the risk of a coronary event was nearly 10 times higher for those with the highest calcium deposit scores than for those with the lowest.

"This study was launched in 1999, a time when there was a lot of interest in whether this new test could predict coronary artery disease," Bild said. "A lot of studies have been done in predominantly white populations. This was one of our efforts to include minority groups."

The study does show that calcium scanning "modestly improves predictions over traditional risk factors," she said. "Several pieces of information are needed in order to understand whether this is clinically useful."

The findings are published in the March 27 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

The cost of such scans could be reduced, according to a statement from study lead author Dr. Robert Detrano, professor of radiological sciences at the University of California, Irvine, who is traveling in China. Scans have been done for just $30 in China, Detrano noted.

"It is mostly an issue of cost," said Dr. William S. Weintraub, chief of cardiology at the Christiana Health Care System, the largest health-care system in Delaware, who wrote an accompanying editorial in the journal. "It does add to our discrimination, but it costs a couple of hundred dollars and we're not sure how you use it."

Reducing the cost would make the test more usable, and "more epidemiological studies showing its value in risk prediction would be of great value," Weintraub said.

"But I'd be uncomfortable now with the idea of recommending this for everybody, or even defining a middle ground where we are unsure how we treat people so they get this first," he said.

A calcium scan also carries some risk, since it exposes a person to radiation, Bild noted. "It would be worth it if the benefit outweighed that risk," she said. "We don't clearly have both sides of that equation established."

More information
For more on coronary calcium scans, visit the U.S. Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

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Anxiety Helps Elderly Women Live Longer

(HealthDay News) -- Higher anxiety levels may help elderly women live longer, but may harm older men, U.S. research shows.

A team at the Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University followed 1,000 seniors in three Florida retirement communities for up to 15 years.

They found that women with higher levels of anxiety at the start of the study lived longer than others. Year-to-year changes in anxiety levels didn't appear to affect women's survival, either.

In contrast to women, men with higher anxiety levels at the start of the study were more likely to die earlier, the researchers said.

"Our research indicates that anxiety may have a protective effect on women, possibly causing them to seek medical attention more frequently than men," Dr. Jianping Zhang, of the department of psychiatry and psychology at the Cleveland Clinic, said in a prepared statement. "In contrast, increasing anxiety over time is more detrimental to men. Additional research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and effects of anxiety in men and women."

The study is noteworthy due to the large amount of data collected over a long period of time, noted co-researcher Dr. Leo Pozuelo, who is also in the department of psychiatry and psychology at the Cleveland Clinic.

"Baseline higher anxiety could have led the female study participants to be more active and health-conscious," Pozuelo said in a prepared statement. "We are not certain of the absolute connection between anxiety and mortality, but this data set shows there may be a gender difference."

The study was to be presented Thursday at the annual meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society.

More information
The American Academy of Family Physicians has more about anxiety.

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